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429 lines
18 KiB
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>basic_fstream</TITLE>
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<LINK REL=StyleSheet HREF="../rw.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="Apache stdcxx Stylesheet"></HEAD>
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<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF>
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<A HREF="basic-filebuf.html"><IMG SRC="images/bprev.gif" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Previous file" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="noframes.html"><IMG SRC="images/btop.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Top of Document" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="booktoc.html"><IMG SRC="images/btoc.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Contents" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="tindex.html"><IMG SRC="images/bindex.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Index page" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="basic-ifstream.html"><IMG SRC="images/bnext.gif" WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Next file" BORDER=O></A><DIV CLASS="DOCUMENTNAME"><B>Apache C++ Standard Library Reference Guide</B></DIV>
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<H2>basic_fstream</H2>
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<P><B>Library:</B> <A HREF="2-11.html">Input/output</A></P>
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<PRE><HR> <IMG SRC="images/inherits.gif"><B><I><A HREF="basic-ostream.html">basic_ostream</A></I></B><IMG SRC="images/inherits.gif">
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<B><I>basic_fstream</I></B><IMG SRC="images/inherits.gif"><B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> <B><I><A HREF="basic-ios.html">basic_ios</A></I></B><IMG SRC="images/inherits.gif"><B><I><A HREF="ios-base.html">ios_base</A></I></B>
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<IMG SRC="images/inherits.gif"><B><I><A HREF="basic-istream.html">basic_istream</A></I></B><IMG SRC="images/inherits.gif"><HR></PRE>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec1">Local Index</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec2">Summary</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec3">Synopsis</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec4">Description</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec5">Interface</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec6">Member Types</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec7">Nonmember Types</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec8">Constructors</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec9">Destructors</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec10">Member Functions</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec11">Example</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec12">See Also</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec13">Standards Conformance</A></LI>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="sec1"><H3>Local Index</H3></A>
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<H4>Members</H4>
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<UL><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
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<TR><TD VALIGN=top>
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<A HREF="#idx73">basic_fstream()</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx66">char_type</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx79">close()</A><BR>
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</TD>
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<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx80">fd()</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx67">int_type</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx81">is_open()</A><BR>
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</TD>
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<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx68">off_type</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx82">open()</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx69">pos_type</A><BR>
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</TD>
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<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx86">rdbuf()</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx70">traits_type</A><BR>
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<A HREF="#idx78">~basic_fstream()</A><BR>
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</TD></TR>
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</TABLE></UL>
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<H4>Non-Members</H4>
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<UL><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
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<TR><TD VALIGN=top>
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<A HREF="#idx71">fstream</A><BR>
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</TD>
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<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx72">wfstream</A><BR>
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</TD>
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<TD VALIGN=top></TD></TR>
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</TABLE></UL>
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<A NAME="sec2"><H3>Summary</H3></A>
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<P>Class that supports reading and writing of named files or devices associated with a file descriptor</P>
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<A NAME="sec3"><H3>Synopsis</H3></A>
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<PRE>#include <fstream>
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namespace std {
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template<class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT> >
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class basic_fstream;
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}
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="sec4"><H3>Description</H3></A>
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<P>The class template <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> supports reading and writing to named files or other devices associated with a file descriptor. It uses a <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B> object to control the associated sequences. It inherits from <B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> and can therefore use all the formatted and unformatted input and output functions.</P>
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<A NAME="sec5"><H3>Interface</H3></A>
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<UL><PRE>namespace std {
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template<class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT> >
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class basic_fstream
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: public basic_iostream<charT, traits> {
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public:
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typedef charT char_type;
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typedef traits traits_type;
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typedef typename traits_type::int_type int_type;
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typedef typename traits_type::pos_type pos_type;
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typedef typename traits_type::off_type off_type;
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basic_fstream();
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explicit basic_fstream(const char*,
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ios_base::openmode = ios_base::in | ios_base::out);
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// extensions:
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explicit basic_fstream(const char*,
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ios_base::openmode,
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long);
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explicit basic_fstream(int, char_type* = 0,
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streamsize = /* default size */);
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explicit basic_fstream(FILE*, char_type* = 0,
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streamsize = /* default size */);
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virtual ~basic_fstream();
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basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type> *rdbuf() const;
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bool is_open() const;
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void open(const char*, ios_base::openmode = ios_base::in);
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// extensions:
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int fd() const;
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void open(const char*, ios_base::openmode, long);
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void open(int, char_type* = 0,
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streamsize = /* default size */);
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void open(FILE*, char_type* = 0,
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streamsize = /* default size */);
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void close();
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};
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}
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</PRE></UL>
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<A NAME="sec6"><H3>Member Types</H3></A>
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<A NAME="idx66"></A><PRE><B>char_type</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>char_type</SAMP> is a synonym for the template parameter <SAMP>charT</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx67"></A><PRE><B>int_type</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>int_type</SAMP> is a synonym of type <SAMP>traits_type::in_type</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx68"></A><PRE><B>off_type</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>off_type</SAMP> is a synonym of type <SAMP>traits_type::off_type</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx69"></A><PRE><B>pos_type</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>pos_type</SAMP> is a synonym of type <SAMP>traits_type::pos_type</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx70"></A><PRE><B>traits_type</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>traits_type</SAMP> is a synonym for the template parameter <SAMP>traits</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="sec7"><H3>Nonmember Types</H3></A>
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<A NAME="idx71"></A><PRE><B>fstream</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>fstream</SAMP> is an instantiation of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> on type <SAMP>char</SAMP>:</P>
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<P><SAMP>typedef basic_fstream<char> fstream;</SAMP></P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx72"></A><PRE><B>wfstream</B></PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>The type <SAMP>wfstream</SAMP> is an instantiation of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> on type <SAMP>wchar_t:</SAMP></P>
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<P><SAMP>typedef basic_fstream<wchar_t> wfstream;</SAMP></P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="sec8"><H3>Constructors</H3></A>
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<A NAME="idx73"></A><PRE><B>basic_fstream</B>();</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B>, initializing the base class <B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> with the associated file buffer. This buffer is initialized by calling the <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B> constructor:</P>
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<P><SAMP>basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>(rdbuf())</SAMP></P>
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<P>After construction, a file can be attached to the <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> object by using the <SAMP>open()</SAMP> member function.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx74"></A><PRE><B>basic_fstream</B>(const char* s,
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ios_base::openmode mode =
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ios_base::in | iosw_base::out);</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B>, initializing the base class <B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> with the associated file buffer. This buffer is initialized by calling the constructor: </P>
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<P><SAMP>basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>(rdbuf())</SAMP></P>
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<P>The constructor then calls <SAMP>open(s, mode)</SAMP> in order to attach the file, whose name is pointed to by <SAMP>s</SAMP>, to the <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> object. </P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx75"></A><PRE><B>basic_fstream</B>(const char* s, ios_base::openmode mode,
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long protection);</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B>, initializing the base class <B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> with the associated file buffer. This buffer is initialized by calling the <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B> constructor: </P>
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<P><SAMP>basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>(rdbuf()) </SAMP></P>
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<P>The constructor then calls: </P>
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<P><SAMP>rdbuf()->open(s, mode, protection)</SAMP></P>
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<P>in order to attach the file, whose name is pointed to by <SAMP>s</SAMP>, to the <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> object. </P>
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<P>The third argument, <SAMP>protection</SAMP>, holds file permissions. It determines the file read/write/execute permissions under UNIX, but is more limited elsewhere. </P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- The protection argument is not part of the C++ Standard, but is included here as a convenience extension. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="idx76"></A><PRE><B>basic_fstream</B>(int fd, char_type *buf, streamsize n); </PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B>, initializing the base class <B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> with the associated file buffer. This buffer is initialized by calling the <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B> constructor:</P>
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<P><SAMP>basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>(rdbuf ())</SAMP></P>
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<P>The constructor then calls: </P>
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<P><SAMP>rdbuf()->open (fd, buf, n)</SAMP> </P>
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<P>in order to attach the file descriptor <SAMP>fd</SAMP> to the <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> object. If the function fails, it sets <SAMP>ios_base::failbit</SAMP>. </P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- This function is not part of the C++ Standard, but is included here as an extension in order to manipulate pipes, sockets, or other UNIX devices that can be accessed through file descriptors. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="idx77"></A><PRE><B>basic_fstream</B>(FILE *fp, char_type* buf, streamsize n); </PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B>, initializing the base class <B><I><A HREF="basic-iostream.html">basic_iostream</A></I></B> with the associated file buffer. This buffer is initialized by calling the <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B> constructor: </P>
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<P><SAMP>basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>(rdbuf ())</SAMP> </P>
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<P>The constructor then calls:</P>
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<P><SAMP>rdbuf()->open (fp, buf, n)</SAMP> </P>
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<P>in order to attach the file pointer <SAMP>fp</SAMP> to the <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B> object. If the function fails, it sets <SAMP>ios_base::failbit</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- This function is not part of the C++ Standard, but is provided here as a convenience extension. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="sec9"><H3>Destructors</H3></A>
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<A NAME="idx78"></A><PRE>virtual <B>~basic_fstream</B>();</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Destroys an object of class <B><I>basic_fstream</I></B>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="sec10"><H3>Member Functions</H3></A>
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<A NAME="idx79"></A><PRE>void
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<B>close</B>();</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Calls <SAMP>rdbuf()->close()</SAMP>. If this function fails, it calls <SAMP>setstate(failbit)</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx80"></A><PRE>int
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<B>fd</B>() const;</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Returns the file descriptor associated with the stream.</P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- This function is not part of the C++ Standard, but is provided here as a convenience extension. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="idx81"></A><PRE>bool
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<B>is_open</B>() const;</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Returns <SAMP>rdbuf()->is_open()</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx82"></A><PRE>void
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<B>open</B>(const char* s,
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ios_base::openmode = ios_base::in | ios_base::out);</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Calls <SAMP>rdbuf()->open(s, mode)</SAMP>. If this function fails to open the file, it calls the <B><I><A HREF="basic-ios.html">basic_ios</A></I></B> member function <SAMP>setstate(failbit)</SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="idx83"></A><PRE>void
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<B>open</B>(const char* s,
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ios_base::openmode, long protection);</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Calls <SAMP>rdbuf()->open (s, mode, protection)</SAMP>. If this function fails to open the file, it calls <SAMP>setstate(failbit)</SAMP>. </P>
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<P>The third argument, <SAMP>protection</SAMP>, holds file permissions. It determines the file read/write/execute permissions under UNIX. It is more limited under DOS, since files are always readable and do not have special execute permission.</P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- The protection argument does not appear in the C++ Standard C++, but is included here as a convenience extension. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="idx84"></A><PRE>void
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<B>open</B>(int fd, char_type *buf = 0,
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streamsize n = /* default size */);</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Calls <SAMP>rdbuf()->open (fd, buf, n)</SAMP>. If this function fails to open the file, it calls <SAMP>setstate(failbit)</SAMP>. </P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- This function is not part of the C++ Standard, but is provided here as a convenience extension. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="idx85"></A><PRE>void
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<B>open</B>(FILE *fp, char_type *buf = 0,
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streamsize n = /* default size */);</PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Returns <SAMP>open(fileno (fp), buf, n)</SAMP>. If this function fails to open the file, it calls <SAMP>setstate(failbit)</SAMP>. </P>
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<P><SAMP>fileno</SAMP> is a UNIX98 function declared in <SAMP><cstdio></SAMP>.</P>
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</UL>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
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NOTE -- This function is not part of the C++ Standard, but is provided here as a convenience extension. See <A HREF="B.html">Appendix B</A> for a complete list of extensions of this implementation.
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</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A NAME="idx86"></A><PRE>basic_filebuf<charT_type,traits_type>*
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<B>rdbuf</B>() const; </PRE>
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<UL>
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<P>Returns a pointer to the <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B> associated with the stream.</P>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="sec11"><H3>Example</H3></A>
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<UL><PRE>//
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// fstream.cpp
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//
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#include <fstream> // for fstream
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#include <iostream> // for cout, endl
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#include <string> // for string
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int main ( )
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{
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// create a bi-directional fstream object
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std::fstream inout ("test_fstream.out",
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std::ios::in | std::ios::out |
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std::ios::trunc);
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// write out three lines to the file
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inout << "Dieses ist die Geschichte eines Mannes.\n"
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<< "C'est l'histoire d'un homme.\n"
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<< "This is the story of a man." << std::endl;
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std::string line;
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// seek back to the beginning of the file
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inout.seekg (0);
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// extract the first line
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std::getline (inout, line);
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// output the first line to standard output
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std::cout << "\nDeutsch:\n" << line << std::endl;
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// obtain current position in file
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std::fstream::pos_type pos = inout.tellg ();
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// extract the second line
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std::getline (inout, line);
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// output the second line to standard output
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std::cout << "Français:\n" << line << std::endl;
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// extract the third line
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std::getline (inout, line);
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// output the third line to standard output
|
|
std::cout << "English:\n" << line << std::endl;
|
|
|
|
// move the put sequence before the second line
|
|
inout.seekp (pos);
|
|
|
|
// replace the second and third lines
|
|
inout << "This is the story of a man.\n"
|
|
<< "C'est l'histoire d'un homme.";
|
|
|
|
// seek to the beginning of the file
|
|
inout.seekg (0);
|
|
|
|
// output the all content of the fstream object to stdout
|
|
std::cout << "\n" << inout.rdbuf () << std::endl;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Program Output:
|
|
</PRE></UL>
|
|
<UL><PRE>
|
|
Deutsch:
|
|
Dieses ist die Geschichte eines Mannes.
|
|
Francais:
|
|
C'est l'histoire d'un homme.
|
|
English:
|
|
This is the story of a man.
|
|
|
|
Dieses ist die Geschichte eines Mannes.
|
|
This is the story of a man.
|
|
C'est l'histoire d'un homme.
|
|
|
|
</PRE></UL>
|
|
<A NAME="sec12"><H3>See Also</H3></A>
|
|
<P><B><I><A HREF="char-traits.html">char_traits</A></I></B>, <B><I><A HREF="ios-base.html">ios_base</A></I></B>, <B><I><A HREF="basic-ios.html">basic_ios</A></I></B>, <B><I><A HREF="basic-filebuf.html">basic_filebuf</A></I></B>, <B><I><A HREF="basic-ifstream.html">basic_ifstream</A></I></B>, <B><I><A HREF="basic-ofstream.html">basic_ofstream</A></I></B></P>
|
|
<A NAME="sec13"><H3>Standards Conformance</H3></A>
|
|
<P><I>ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems --Programming Language C++, Section 27.8.1.11</I></P>
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