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+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Example Program: Exceptions</TITLE>
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+<A HREF="18-3.html"><IMG SRC="images/bprev.gif" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Previous file" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="noframes.html"><IMG SRC="images/btop.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Top of Document" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="booktoc.html"><IMG SRC="images/btoc.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Contents" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="tindex.html"><IMG SRC="images/bindex.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Index page" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="VI.html"><IMG SRC="images/bnext.gif" WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Next file" BORDER=O></A><DIV CLASS="DOCUMENTNAME"><B>Apache C++ Standard Library User's Guide</B></DIV>
+<H2>18.4 Example Program: Exceptions</H2>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B>
+NOTE -- This program is in the file <code>tutorial/stdexcept.cpp</code>.
+</B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="idx428"><!></A>
+<P>This following example program demonstrates the use of exceptions:</P>
+
+<UL><PRE>
+#include &lt;string&gt;      // for string
+#include &lt;stdexcept&gt;   // for exception, runtime_error, out_of_range
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;    // for cout
+
+
+int main ()
+{
+    // First we'll incite and catch an exception from the C++ Standard
+    // library class std::string by attempting to replace a substring
+    // starting at a position beyond the end of the string object.
+    try {
+        std::string ().replace (100, 1, 1, 'c');
+    }
+    catch (std::out_of_range &amp;e) {
+
+        // Print out the exception string, which in this implementation
+        // includes the location and the name of the function that threw
+        // the exception along with the reason for the exception.
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; "Caught an out_of_range exception: "
+                  &lt;&lt; e.what () &lt;&lt; '\n';
+    }
+    catch (std::exception &amp;e) {
+
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; "Caught an exception of an unexpected type: "
+                  &lt;&lt; e.what () &lt;&lt; '\n';
+    }
+    catch (...) {
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; "Caught an unknown exception\n";
+    }
+    
+    // Throw another exception.
+    try {
+        throw std::runtime_error ("a runtime error");
+    }
+    catch (std::runtime_error &amp;e) {
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; "Caught a runtime_error exception: "
+                  &lt;&lt; e.what () &lt;&lt; '\n';
+    }
+    catch (std::exception &amp;e) {
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; "Caught an exception of an unexpected type: "
+                  &lt;&lt; e.what () &lt;&lt; '\n';
+    } 
+    catch (...) {
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; "Caught an unknown exception\n";
+    }
+   
+    return 0;
+}
+</PRE></UL>
+<P>The exact output of the program is specific to the compiler used to compile it and to the location of the library headers but may look something like this:</P><UL><PRE>
+Caught an out_of_range exception: /usr/local/stdcxx/include/string.cc:422: std::string& std::string::replace(size_type, size_type, size_type, char_type): argument value 100 out of range [0, 0)
+Caught a runtime_error exception: a runtime error
+</UL></PRE>
+
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