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extern/stdcxx/4.2.1/doc/stdlibref/rotate.html
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extern/stdcxx/4.2.1/doc/stdlibref/rotate.html
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>rotate(), rotate_copy()</TITLE>
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<LINK REL=StyleSheet HREF="../rw.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="Apache stdcxx Stylesheet"></HEAD>
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<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF>
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<A HREF="reverse-iterator.html"><IMG SRC="images/bprev.gif" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Previous file" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="noframes.html"><IMG SRC="images/btop.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Top of Document" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="booktoc.html"><IMG SRC="images/btoc.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Contents" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="tindex.html"><IMG SRC="images/bindex.gif" WIDTH=56 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Index page" BORDER=O></A><A HREF="runtime-error.html"><IMG SRC="images/bnext.gif" WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=21 ALT="Next file" BORDER=O></A><DIV CLASS="DOCUMENTNAME"><B>Apache C++ Standard Library Reference Guide</B></DIV>
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<H2>rotate(), rotate_copy()</H2>
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<P><B>Library:</B> <A HREF="2-9.html">Algorithms</A></P>
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<PRE><HR><B><I>Function</I></B><HR></PRE>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec1">Local Index</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec2">Summary</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec3">Synopsis</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec4">Description</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec5">Complexity</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec6">Example</A></LI>
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<LI><A HREF="#sec7">Standards Conformance</A></LI>
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</UL>
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<A NAME="sec1"><H3>Local Index</H3></A>
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No Entries
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<A NAME="sec2"><H3>Summary</H3></A>
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<P>An algorithm that rotates the given sequence left by swapping the segment that contains elements from <SAMP>start</SAMP> through <SAMP>mid-1</SAMP> with the segment that contains the elements from <SAMP>mid</SAMP> through <SAMP>finish</SAMP></P>
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<A NAME="sec3"><H3>Synopsis</H3></A>
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<PRE>#include <algorithm>
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namespace std {
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template <class ForwardIterator>
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void rotate(ForwardIterator start,
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ForwardIterator mid,
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ForwardIterator finish);
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template <class ForwardIterator, class OutputIterator>
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OutputIterator rotate_copy(ForwardIterator start,
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ForwardIterator mid,
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ForwardIterator finish,
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OutputIterator result);
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}
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="sec4"><H3>Description</H3></A>
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<P>The <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP> algorithm takes three iterator arguments: <SAMP>start</SAMP>, which defines the beginning of a sequence; <SAMP>finish</SAMP>, which defines the end of the sequence; and <SAMP>mid</SAMP>, which defines a point within the sequence. <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP> swaps the segment that contains elements from <SAMP>start</SAMP> through <SAMP>mid-1</SAMP> with the segment that contains the elements from <SAMP>mid</SAMP> through <SAMP>finish</SAMP>. After <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP> has been applied, the element that was in position <SAMP>mid</SAMP>, is in position<SAMP> start</SAMP>, and the other elements in that segment are in the same order relative to each other. Similarly, the element that was in position <SAMP>start</SAMP> is now in position <SAMP>finish-mid +1</SAMP>. An example illustrates how <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP> works:</P>
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<P>Say that we have the sequence:</P>
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<P><SAMP> 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 </SAMP></P>
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<P>If we call <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP> with <SAMP>mid</SAMP> pointing to <SAMP>5</SAMP>, the two segments are</P>
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<P><SAMP> 2 4 6 8 and 1 3 5 </SAMP></P>
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<P>After we apply <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP>, the new sequence is:</P>
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<P><SAMP> 1 3 5 2 4 6 8</SAMP></P>
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<P>Note that the element that was in the fifth position is now in the first position, and the element that was in the first position is in position 4 (<SAMP>finish - start + 1</SAMP>, or 8 - 5 +1 =4).</P>
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<P>The formal description of this algorithms is: for each non-negative integer <SAMP>i < (finish - start)</SAMP>, <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP> places the element from the position <SAMP>start + i</SAMP> into position <SAMP>start + (i + (finish - mid)) % (finish - start)</SAMP>.<SAMP> [start, mid)</SAMP> and <SAMP>[mid, finish)</SAMP> are valid ranges. </P>
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<P><SAMP><A HREF="rotate.html">rotate_copy()</A></SAMP> rotates the elements as described above, but instead of swapping elements within the same sequence, it copies the result of the rotation to a sequence specified by <SAMP>result</SAMP>. <SAMP>rotate_copy()</SAMP> copies the range <SAMP>[start, finish)</SAMP> to the range <SAMP>[result, result + (finish - start))</SAMP> such that for each non- negative integer <SAMP>i < (finish - start)</SAMP> the following assignment takes place: </P>
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<UL><PRE>
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*(result + (i + (finish - mid)) % (finish - start)) =
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*(start + i).
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</PRE></UL>
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<P>The ranges <SAMP>[start, finish)</SAMP> and <SAMP>[result, result, + (finish - start)) </SAMP>may not overlap. </P>
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<A NAME="sec5"><H3>Complexity</H3></A>
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<P>For <SAMP>rotate()</SAMP>, at most <SAMP>finish - start </SAMP>swaps are performed.</P>
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<P>For <SAMP><A HREF="rotate.html">rotate_copy()</A></SAMP>, <SAMP>finish - start</SAMP> assignments are performed.</P>
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<A NAME="sec6"><H3>Example</H3></A>
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<UL><PRE>//
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// rotate.cpp
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//
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#include <algorithm> // for rotate
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#include <iostream> // for cout, endl
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#include <vector> // for vector
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int main ()
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{
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typedef std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > Vector;
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// Initialize a vector with an array of integers.
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const Vector::value_type arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
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6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
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Vector v (arr + 0, arr + sizeof arr / sizeof *arr);
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typedef std::ostream_iterator<int, char,
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std::char_traits<char> >
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Iter;
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// Print out elements in original (sorted) order.
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std::cout << "Elements before rotate: \n ";
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std::copy (v.begin (), v.end (), Iter (std::cout, " "));
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// Rotate the elements.
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std::rotate (v.begin (), v.begin () + 4, v.end ());
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// Print out the rotated elements.
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std::cout << "\n\nElements after rotate: \n ";
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std::copy (v.begin (), v.end (), Iter (std::cout, " "));
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std::cout << std::endl;
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return 0;
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}
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Program Output:
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</PRE></UL>
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<UL><PRE>Elements before rotate:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Elements after rotate:
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5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
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</PRE></UL>
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<A NAME="sec7"><H3>Standards Conformance</H3></A>
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<P><I>ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems -- Programming Language C++, Section 25.2.10</I></P>
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